Educational Resources

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INTRODUCTION TO BREAST CANCER

Government of Canada. Breast cancer and your risk 

Breast cancer and your risk brochure identify risk factors associated with breast cancer. It gives information on risk factors, lifestyle risk factors and screening. 
https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/chronic-diseases/breast-cancer-your-risk.html

HealthLinkBC – Breast Cancer

This website introduces specific information about breast cancer, related screening, and other sites. It outlines breast cancer, what causes it, and the signs and symptoms. The site then provides health tools and explains how breast cancer is diagnosed, treated, and prevented. 
https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/illnesses-conditions/cancer/breast-cancer

Breast health

This webpage provides five ways to reduce the risk for breast cancer. 
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/screening/breast/breast-health

National Cancer Institute – Breast Cancer

According to the site, breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Discover the connections on this page to learn more about prevention, screening, treatment, research and clinical trials on breast cancer.
https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – What is Breast Cancer

This website provides an overview of breast cancer. It explains what breast cancer is and overviews different types of breast cancer. The dropdown menu can guide further research with information on symptoms, risk factors, risks, screening, dense breasts, diagnosis, and treatments. The website includes visuals and diagrams to illustrate breast cancer and better share related resources. 
https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic_info/what-is-breast-cancer.htm

Canadian Cancer Society 

This page talks about breast cancer, treatments, living with cancer, and associated resources. 
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/what-is-breast-cancer

Breast cancer. (n.d.). BC Cancer. 

Finding information about one breast cancer can be a complex process considering how much information there is and the amount of time it takes. BC Cancer provides an easy-to-read and easy-to-navigate website. This website provides a one-stop for cancer patients to receive all the information they need, such as risk factors, breast cancer myths, screening, treatment, etc.
https://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer

Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care.

Recommendations on screening for breast cancer in women 40-74 years of age who are not at increased risk. Breast Cancer Update (2018).

CANCER TREATMENT-RELATED SIDE EFFECTS

Chemotherapy and care

Recognition and management oftreatment-related side effects in breast cancer

John Hopkins Medicine – Side Effects from Breast Cancer Treatment
This site defines the difference between long-term and late side effects and describes the impact of these side effects on health. Two videos are included. The first explores the impact of breast cancer treatment on long-term health. The second examines the late effects of breast cancer treatment. 
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/cancers_we_treat/breast_cancer_program/treatment_and_services/survivorship/side_effects.html

Side effects of chemotherapy in cancer  

BreastCancer.Org –  Managing Chemotherapy Side Effects
https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/chemotherapy/side_effects
This page by BreastCancer.Org explains what chemotherapy is, how it works in cancer treatment, and possible side effects. The side effects mentioned are hyperlinked to pages with additional information such as specific treatments that can cause the side effect and how they can be managed. 

The website BreastCancer.Org provides education on common breast cancer medications. The information provided includes avoiding medicines while taking the drug, reasons for taking medicine, side effects, and more. Some examples of drugs: 
Tamoxifen – https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/hormonal/serms/tamoxifen
Letrozole (Femara) – https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/druglist/femara
Anastrozole – https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/druglist/arimidex
Adriamycin – https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/druglist/adriamycinAromasin – https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/druglist/aromasin
Herceptin – https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/druglist/herceptin

Chemotherapy for breast cancer. (n.d.). American Cancer Society. Information and Resources about Cancer: Breast, Colon, Lung, Prostate, Skin. 
Chemotherapy is used as an anti-cancer drug that may be given intravenously (injected into your vein) or by mouth. The drug enters the bloodstream and travels through the body to the cancerous parts of the body. In most cases, chemotherapy can cause many side effects with that in mind. The American Cancer Society provides chemotherapy and its associated side effects in easy-to-read list format. This site describes what chemotherapy is and explores when it is used in breast cancer. It then explains which chemotherapy drugs are most often used for breast cancer and how chemotherapy is given.  
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/treatment/chemotherapy-for-breast-cancer.html

Canadian Cancer Society – Side Effects of Chemotherapy
This website explains what chemotherapy is and explores common side effects of chemotherapy. The side effects explored include low blood cell counts, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, hair loss, diarrhea, constipation, sore mouth, inflamed mucous membranes, changes in taste and smell, skin changes, eye changes, pain, pain at the injection site, inflamed vein, hearing problems, organ damage, thinking and memory changes, sexual and fertility problems, and second cancers. 
https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/treatment-types/chemotherapy/side-effects-of-chemotherapy

Drug-induced lupus
This website outlines what lupus is and how it can be caused by specific prescription medication. Links are provided to additional information, such as which drugs most commonly cause drug-induced lupus. 
https://www.lupus.org/resources/about-drug-induced-lupus

Chemotherapy aftercare in breast cancer
After treatment is over. (n.d.). Home. 
Cancer Care Manitoba provides an interactive video about living one’s life after treatment is over. Furthermore, it discusses how breast cancer patients and cancer patients, in general, can move forward after cancer treatment in an easy-to-read and apply list format with specific cancer information booklets attached to the site.
https://www.cancercare.mb.ca/Treatments/after-treatment-is-over

Surgery and care

Care about mastectomy after breast cancer 

BreastCancer.Org – Mastectomy: What to Expect
This website explores what to expect with a mastectomy. The information is divided into before, during, and after mastectomy surgery. The recovery section at home guides is taking pain medication, caring for your dressings, caring for drains, and more. The website discusses short-term mastectomy management and long-term considerations following a mastectomy. 
https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/surgery/mastectomy/expectations

Sunnybrook Health Science Centre – After Surgery Care
This website outlines how to care for yourself after surgery. It provides some insight into how you may feel following surgery. Following this, it outlines things you will need to do after surgery. This includes deep breathing and coughing, movement, bandages, pain, medicines, and constipation. 
https://sunnybrook.ca/content/?page=mastectomy-after-surgery

Skin wounds after mastectomy in breast cancer treatment

Alberta Health – Mastectomy: What to Expect at Home
This website looks at recovering from a mastectomy. The website outline a general timeline of recovery and goals in detail, such as physical symptoms you may experience and how your routine may need to differ during your recovery. It explains how you can care for yourself at home by outlining activity, diet, medicines, incision care, drain care, and arm exercises. Lastly, the website explains what signs and symptoms indicate that you should seek additional support from your health care team.
https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ug3535 

Westmead Breast Cancer Institute – Wound Care
This website explains how to care for your wounds following a mastectomy. First, it explores what to expect from your wound in terms of size and site of the incision(s). After surgery, the website then explores dressings, skincare, drainage, exercise, and joint problems. The problems they explore include pain, bruising, wound swelling, drain leak and drain blockage, seroma, altered sensation and numbness, and stitches. The website then outlines and explains more serious problems following surgery that require prompt assistance from your health care team. These include wound infection, wound breakdown, and hematoma. 
https://www.bci.org.au/breast-cancer-information/fact-sheets/wound-care/

Breast Health Institute – Houston – Post Mastectomy Wound Drainage Instructions
A significant portion of wound care following mastectomy involves caring for drains. This website provides instructions for wound draining following a mastectomy. The website explains why drains are necessary, outlines an estimated drain timeline, and provides criteria for drain removal. The website then outlines supplies needed to care for your drains, how to empty and record wound/drain drainage, and how to care for the drain site. The website includes many pictures and visuals to ease the process. Lastly, the website provides guidelines regarding when to contact your health team for assistance.  
https://www.breastinstitutehouston.com/post-mastectomy-wound-care/

Skin wounds after in breast cancer treatment

A handout on skin wounds and treatments.
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/coping-with-cancer/managing-symptoms-side-effects/skin-wound-care

Radiation and care

After-effects of radiation for breast cancer

Canadian Cancer Society – Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer
This website explains what radiation is and why you may need radiation to treat your breast cancer. It explores the timing of radiation therapy, radiation after breast-conserving surgery, radiation after a mastectomy, side effects of radiation, and what questions to ask your health care team about radiation.
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/treatment/radiation-therapy

BreastCancer.Org – Radiation Therapy
This site explains what radiation is and what it is used for. The topics explored on this page include how radiation therapy works, types of radiation therapy, when radiation therapy is used, radiation therapy timing and breast reconstruction, radiation therapy side effects, radiation therapy for metastatic breast cancer, staying on track with radiation treatments, vitamins to avoid during radiation therapy, and radiation therapy and sun exposure.
https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/radiation

American Cancer Society – Radiation for Breast Cancer
This website explores radiation for breast cancer. It explains what radiation is, what situations it is needed, the main types of radiation therapy, brachytherapy, how to prepare for radiation therapy, and possible side effects.
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/treatment/radiation-for-breast-cancer.html

Taking care of your skin during radiation treatments for breast cancer

Skincare guidelines while you are receiving radiation therapy. (n.d.). Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
Receiving radiation can have a significant essential impact on one’s skin integrity. It is necessary to know how to maintain one’s skin during chemotherapy properly. What side effects to look for and when to inform your doctor if you have such symptoms. The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center provides all the necessary information to keep one’s skin intact and healthy.
https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/skin-care-guidelines-patients-receiving-radiation-therapy

Immunotherapy and care

Care of side effects with immunotherapy in breast cancer

American Cancer Society – Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer
This website outlines what immunotherapy is and how it is used in breast cancer treatment. It explains immune checkpoint inhibitors and explores some of the symptoms of immunotherapy. They include symptoms such as infusion reactions and autoimmune reactions. 
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/treatment/immunotherapy.html

Canadian Cancer Society –  Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer
This website by the Canadian Cancer Society explains the benefits of immunotherapy in breast cancer treatment. First, it defines immunotherapy and explains what it does. It then explores the side effects of immunotherapy and the importance of reporting side effects to your health care team. The website has links to additional information about specific drugs. It also provides questions to guide your discussions with your health care team. 
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/treatment/immunotherapy

BreastCancer.Org – Immunotherapy
This page explains immunotherapy about the specific Immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted immunotherapy medicines used to treat breast cancer. The website then explores cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, cytokines, and how you can determine if immunotherapy is right for you.
https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/immunotherapy

Hormonal therapy and care

Care of after-effects in hormonal therapy after breast cancer 

BreastCancer.Org – Hormonal Therapy: What to Expect 
This page explains the three different types of hormonal therapy medicines. It explains what hormonal therapy is and what it can be used for. The page then explores the factor determining which hormonal therapy medicine is right for you. Lastly, the website outline hormonal therapy timelines and how the medicines are taken.
https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/hormonal/expect

Canadian Cancer Society – Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer
This page by the Canadian Cancer Society outlines why hormone therapy is used in breast cancer treatment. It outlines what hormone therapy is and different reasons why hormone therapy would be offered for your cancer treatment. The website explores the two most common types of hormonal therapies used to treat breast cancer anti-estrogen drugs and aromatase inhibitors. The website explores specific drugs under each category and explains how they function. Additionally, ovarian ablation and suppression are explained and discussed. The website then explores adjuvant hormonal therapy for premenopausal and postmenopausal women and the possible side effects of hormonal therapy. Lastly, the website provides questions to help guide your conversations with your health care team.
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/treatment/hormonal-therapy

National Cancer Institute – Hormone Therapy for Breast CancerThis webpage discusses hormone therapy as a treatment for breast cancer. The website explores what hormones and hormone receptors are, what hormone therapy is, what types of hormone therapy are used for breast cancer, how hormone therapy is used to treat breast cancer, whether hormone therapy can be used to prevent breast cancer, what the side effects of hormone therapy are, and whether other drugs can interfere with hormone therapy.
https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/breast-hormone-therapy-fact-sheet

Breast cancer – Survivorship. (2020, August 14). Cancer.Net. 
Cancer.Net is a doctor-approved site that provides cancer patients with relevant information on topics like survivorship in breast cancer. For example, it discusses survivorship, changing role of caregivers, a new perspective on your health, and survivorship resources that provide other websites and videos to expand the information and more survivorship resources.
https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/breast-cancer/survivorship

Questions to ask your doctor about breast cancer 
Breast cancer – Questions to ask the health care team. (2020, August 14). Cancer.Net. Cancer.Net is a doctor-approved site that provides cancer patients with a listed format of the types of questions they should be asking their health care team to help them better understand their diagnosis, treatment plan, and overall care.
https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/breast-cancer/questions-ask-health-care-team

Beyond breast cancer 
Beyond breast cancer is a survivorship program offered for clients diagnosed with breast cancer and completed active treatment through a general surgeon. The website shows a video library of survivorship presentations that addressed vital areas such as education/information, surveillance for breast cancer recurrence or new primary cancers, assessment/management of physical/psychological long term/ late effects, health promotion – modifiable risk facts and care coordination/ navigation.
https://kamloopsskinsolutions.com/beyond-breast-cancer/

PSYCHOSOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL SUPPORT

Island Health – Emotional Support for Breast Cancer
This webpage offers supportive care programs through counselling services, support programs, information for emotional support and available resources.
https://www.islandhealth.ca/our-services/breast-cancer-breast-health-services/emotional-support-breast-cancer

Canadian Cancer Society – How can we help
This site by the Canadian Cancer Society is a homepage to numerous support resources for individuals going through cancer treatment and their loved ones. Some of the resources listed include child, youth, and family supports, wig and breast prosthesis support, online community supports, connections to information specialists, supports to help find accommodation during cancer treatment, supports to help you find services in your community, assistance with smoking cessation, and assistance with transportation to and from cancer treatment. The Canadian Cancer Society aides patients diagnosed with cancer to help find support services, such as counselling.
https://cancer.ca/en/living-with-cancer/how-we-can-help

This page discusses living with cancer and physical rehabilitation after treatment and other services such as talking to an information specialist, finding community services, accommodation during cancer treatment, transportation to cancer treatment etc.
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/supportive-care

Support Group for breast cancer
https://cbcn.ca. (n.d.). Support groups. Canadian Breast Cancer Network. 
The Canadian Breast Cancer Network explains the importance of patients with breast cancer to have a support group. In some cases, patients have difficulty finding and creating a support group.
https://cbcn.ca/en/support_groups

Emotional well-being. 
https://www.cbcn.ca. (1200). Therapy. Canadian Breast Cancer Network. This webpage provides information on therapies for depression and mental health.
https://www.cbcn.ca/en/therapy

BreastCancer.Org – Face-to-Face and Internet-Based Counseling Therapy Both Help Ease Fear and Anxiety in People with Cancer
This page by BreastCancer.Org overviews the fear and anxiety that occur alongside breast cancer. Although these feelings are a perfectly normal reaction, they can get in the way of living your life and focusing on your treatment. There is a multitude of benefits to counselling therapy. The webpage has more information on day-to-day matters, side effects and diagnosis.
https://www.breastcancer.org/research-news/counseling-helps-ease-fear-and-anxiety

BC Cancer – Patient and Family Counselling
Patient and family counselling. (n.d.). BC Cancer. 
BC Cancer offers support services and counselling for cancer patients and their families, caregivers and friends. Support is available in-person, by phone or in counsellor-led support groups. Counsellors specialize in cancer treatment and can help with emotions and concerns such as fear, anxiety, family and relationship problems, depression, work or school concerns, and lifestyle changes with an appointment and contacting the locations provided. The BC Cancer website helps ease finding a counsellor for cancer patients. For example, the website provides an easy-to-read website with a toll-free number to help alleviate some anxieties in finding a counsellor to support them to fit them best uniquely.
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/our-services/services/supportive-care/patient-family-counselling

Counselling BC
Directory of counsellors and psychologists in BC based on city, area of practice, approach and language.
https://counsellingbc.com/counsellors

Canadian Cancer Society – Talk to an Information Specialist
The Canadian Cancer Society offers a Cancer Information Helpline. The Cancer Information Helpline is a national, toll-free service for people with cancer, caregivers, families, and significant others. They will provide information regarding cancer treatment and side effects, coping with cancer, emotional support services, prevention and complementary therapies.
https://cancer.ca/en/living-with-cancer/how-we-can-help/talk-to-an-information-specialist

Let’s discuss 
A safe place to share your experiences with cancer hosted by the Canadian Cancer Society with forums, groups and community news.
https://cancerconnection.ca/home

811 HealthLink BCC
By calling 8-1-1, you can speak to a health service navigator, who can help you find health information and services; or connect you directly with a registered nurse, a qualified exercise professional, a pharmacist, or a registered dietitian.
https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/services-resources/about-8-1-1

BC Cancer – Prince George 
Patient education for breast cancer on memory, chemo brain, fear of cancer recurrence, sleep, support for children and youth, and mindfulness. These sessions provide information and strategies to promote coping and offer limited group discussions with patients and families in a similar situation. Programs include managing chemo brain, fear of cancer recurrence, sleep, support for children and youth.
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/about/events/patient-education-(prince-George)

Breast cancer exercise education 
An education session for anyone interested in understanding more about exercise during and after breast cancer treatments.
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/about/events/breast-cancer-exercise-education

Support for caregivers of breast cancer patients Caregivers. (n.d.). BC Cancer.
Individuals who are the dedicated caregiver to a person going through breast cancer often get burnt out. It is essential to care for themselves and the person they are taking care of. BC Cancer provides support systems and a caregiver decision guide as an aide.
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/coping-with-cancer/talking-to-my-family/family-caregivers

Helping someone with cancer Lee, S. (n.d.). How you can help someone with cancer. Canadian Cancer Society. 
The Canadian Cancer Society discusses the many that can help someone going through cancer. It provides a list format with examples of how to give these caring measures. Topics covered are listening first, making sure the time is right for you to visit, not forgetting that their caregivers need help and understanding that every diagnosis is unique.
https://cancer.ca/en/living-with-cancer/helping-someone-with-cancer/how-you-can-help-someone-with-cancer

InspireHealth Supportive Cancer Care 
The Clinical Services at Inspire Health are provided by supportive care physicians, dietitians, clinical counsellors, and exercise therapists. They have experience guiding healthful diet changes, stress reduction, emotional counselling, decision-making, exercise, and personal coaching. No referral is required. Their counselling team emphasizes the importance of providing emotional and psychosocial support and evidence-based practices that can support people impacted by cancer. These practices might include talk therapy, mindfulness, art therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy, visualization, and emotional regulation.
https://www.inspirehealth.ca/programs/clinical-services/clinical-counselling/

Connect with our online community 
CancerConnection.ca is an online community.
https://cancer.ca/en/living-with-cancer/how-we-can-help/connect-with-our-online-community

Wellspring Cancer Support – Breast Cancer Support Group
The Breast Cancer Support Group provides a community for female breast cancer patients to meet with one another to explore the many emotional, social and practical challenges of coping with a breast cancer diagnosis. This support group is an eight-week program intended for members who are newly diagnosed.
https://wellspring.ca/online-programs/programs/all-programs/breast-cancer-support-group/

BreastCancer.Org – Join our community
The BreastCancer.Org online community offers comfort and support through every aspect of diagnosis, treatment, and beyond. Their Community and Discussion Boards have registered members worldwide and many more who simply browse the stories, support, and information offered — 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
https://www.breastcancer.org/community/discussion

Online peer support community 
CancerConnection for online peer support community with forums, groups, resources etc.
https://cancerconnection.ca/peersupport

Support programs
Virtually available programs based on calendar
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/our-services/services/support-programs#kelowna

Cancer Chat Canada
Cancer Chat provides free and professional-led online support groups for Canadians affected by cancer, including patients, survivors and family members. Cancer Chat groups are open to patients living anywhere in Canada undergoing cancer treatment or living with cancer-related challenges after treatment. Groups are also available for family members or friends caring for someone with cancer.
https://cancerchat.desouzainstitute.com/about

BC Cancer – Support Websites
On this page, you will find a thorough list of websites, information pages, and support programs compiled and evaluated by BC Cancer librarians. They have also compiled a list of websites that provide information in other languages.
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/our-services/services/library/recommended-websites/living-with-cancer-websites/support-websites

HealthLinkBC – Cancer Support: Dealing with Emotions and Fears
This website overviews cancer support and discusses how to deal with emotions and fears. First, the website explores initial reactions to a cancer diagnosis. Following this, common anxieties, fears, and emotions are explored. The website then discusses how you can build resilience while dealing with anxiety, where you can get help and learn more.
https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/health-topics/abn2962

National Cancer Institute – Psychological Stress and Cancer
This site explores psychological stress related to cancer. It begins by exploring psychological stress and how the body responds to stress. It then examines the relationship between psychological stress and cancer. The website then explores how psychological stress impacts individuals affected by cancer and guidance in coping with psychological stress.
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings/stress-fact-sheet

Susan G Komen – coping with stress
This website discusses some healthy ways to help deal with this stress. First, the site explores what encompasses social supports and the benefits of having a support group. Next, the website examines counselling, mindfulness meditation, cognitive behavioural therapy, physical activity, and additional ways to cope with stress, such as expressive writing, music therapy, and stress management.
https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/survivorship/stress/coping-with-stress/

Managing stress for breast cancer 
Lee, S. (n.d.). Coping with anxiety and stress. Canadian Cancer Society. 
Canadian Cancer Society provides an easy read to topics that can aid in coping with anxiety and stress. It offers possible coping aides outside of the realm of counselling and medication therapy. The site provides simple ideas such as pets, being active, laughter, and specifically mind-body physical activities.
https://cancer.ca/en/living-with-cancer/coping-with-changes/your-emotions-and-cancer/coping-with-anxiety-and-stress

Coping with breast cancer emotionally. (n.d.). Breast Cancer Now. 
Breast Cancer Now discusses seven key factors to consider when coping with breast cancer. For example, areas of discussion focus around; Dealing with your emotions, feeling overwhelmed, looking after your mental health, Talking to family, friends and children, Dealing with isolation, Coping with life after treatment, and finding out how others have coped. In addition to providing a helpline and personal stories from previous breast cancer patients to show others that they are not alone and might be facing the same worries and issues.
https://breastcancernow.org/information-support/facing-breast-cancer/living-beyond-breast-cancer/life-after-breast-cancer-treatment/coping-breast-cancer-emotionally

Managing worry and fear of a breast cancer recurrence 
Six tips for managing fear of cancer recurrence. (2014, March 24). Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. 

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center explains the importance of identifying your triggers, having a plan, talking with friends or family, and counselling to move past the fear of recurring breast cancer. They are further explaining the importance of being patient with oneself.
https://www.mskcc.org/news/six-tips-managing-fear-recurrence

Adjusting to breast cancer 
Breast cancer: How your mind can help your body. (n.d.). https://www.apa.org. 

Discuss how breast cancer can negatively affect one’s psychological well-being. It is essential to visit a psychologist. Their primary goal is to help women learn how to cope with the physical, emotional, and lifestyle changes associated with cancer and medical treatments that can be painful and traumatic. Additionally, stressing that feeling overwhelmed is typical with a cancerous diagnosis.
https://www.apa.org/topics/behavioral-health/breast-cancer

Day-to-day life during breast cancer 
Day-to-day matters. (2021, September 28). Breastcancer.org. https://www.breastcancer.org/tips

Everyday realities may arise organized, pay for treatment, keep a job, change your lifestyle and manage symptoms and the secondaries. The Daily Questions section of Breastcancer.org can help you navigate these issues so that you can look after the rest of your life.

Dealing with stress in breast cancer
Psychological stress and cancer. (n.d.). National Cancer Institute. 

The National Cancer Institute carefully lays out critical psychological stress and cancer information. Breast cancer patients need to access it in an easy-to-read format. Topics covered are as listed; what is psychological stress, how does the body respond during stress, can have psychological stress cause cancer, how does psychological stress affect people who have cancer, how can people who have cancer learn to cope with psychological stress. Along with providing their resources, they used breast cancer patients to look further into the information provided.
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping/feelings/stress-fact-sheet

Managing stress for breast cancer 
The website provides ideas on managing the stress toolbox.
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/coping-with-cancer/emotional-support/managing-stress

National Cancer Institute 
Coping with breast cancer and information to help you cope with feelings, adjusting, self-image, day-to-day life, support for caregivers, cancer survivorship and questions to ask your doctor.
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/coping

University of California San Francisco – Mindfulness exercises for breast cancer
This webpage discusses mindfulness meditation for breast cancer. It begins by describing what mindfulness meditation is and how it can benefit breast cancer. The website provides some guiding instructions to guide you through simple daily practice. It provides direction about your posture, breathing and mind. Additional resources are provided for breast cancer self-care and recovery. These resources include lifestyle changes, nutrition and breast cancer, hydration and breast cancer, exercise programs, guided imagery, meditation, and sexuality and breast cancer.
https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/breast-cancer-self-care-and-recovery-meditation

BreastCancer.Org – What is Meditation
This website explores what meditation is and how it can be beneficial in breast cancer. It discusses some common ways people meditate, expect during meditation, and tips for beginning meditation. A podcast is included on the page that explains what mindfulness and mindfulness meditation are and some myths about mindfulness. For the last 5 minutes of the podcast, the facilitator leads listeners through short, guided mindfulness meditation.
https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/comp_med/types/meditation

Breast Cancer Research Foundation – Using Mindfulness to Reduce Stress and Strengthen Your Immune System
The website talks about the benefits of meditation and other mind-body interventions for breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 crisis. A video is included on the website that overviews how mindfulness can reduce stress and strengthen the immune system. Additionally, the website includes an audio file of a seven-minute stress-reducing mindfulness exercise.  
https://www.bcrf.org/blog/using-mindfulness-reduce-stress-and-strengthen-your-immune-system/

Mindfulness for breast cancer 
Burdulis, G. (2017, October 10). The who, what, why of mindfulness exercises for women with advanced breast cancer (ABC). Canadian Breast Cancer Network. It provides the importance of mindfulness for breast cancer and a side explanation behind its importance; additionally, the website offers five resources to aid in mindfulness.
https://cbcn.ca/en/blog/our-stories/mindfulness-exercises

Mindfulness-based stress reduction program offers practical instruction and experiential learning of mindfulness practices through a program for people with cancer. 
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/about/events/mindfulness-(Kelowna)

Meditation
This webpage provides guided meditation and daily practices with additional resources. 
https://www.mindful.org/category/meditation/

Free mindfulness project 
Explore online mindfulness sessions, resources, videos, galleries, poetry and links. 
https://www.freemindfulness.org/download

Pocket mindfulness 
This website provides information on guided medication scripts.

Stress management: doing progressive muscle relaxation 
BreastCancer.Org – Progressive Muscle Relaxation 
The site explains progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and how it has proven beneficial in breast cancer patients. Some of these benefits include reducing nausea, vomiting, anxiety, and depression. The site explores how PMR is completed, what to expect with PMR, and who can provide it. Lastly, the site presents some research on PMR in breast cancer and some infrequent adverse outcomes when engaging in PMR, such as physical symptoms and increased anxiety. 
https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/comp_med/types/muscle_relax

Reduce Stress through Progressive Muscle Relaxation– John Hopkins Rheumatology: YouTube
The YouTube video explains Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and walks you through a brief PMR session. The session guides in relaxing and tensing numerous muscles throughout the entire body to reduce stress and anxiety. 

Anxiety Canada – How to do Progressive Muscle Relaxation
The website explains the purpose of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and how it is completed. It explores PMR’s benefits in terms of stress and anxiety management. The site provides some helpful hints and a step-by-step guide with audio recording. 

Relaxation skills are help with the effects of stress in breast cancer
Cancer relaxation techniques, Mind-body practices. (n.d.). CancerCare.
This website goes into possible techniques that can help to increase one’s mindfulness. The method is guided around breathing techniques, meditation, and guided imagery. These techniques provide the body and mind with inner peace without pharmacological approaches.
https://www.cancercare.org/publications/54-relaxation_techniques_and_mindfulness_practices_coping_with_cancer

Depression, anxiety and stress. (n.d.). Breast Cancer Network Australia.
Provides insight on Depression, anxiety and stress, where breast cancer patients can get help, and the biggest fear of breast cancer is if it will return. The site further explains the pressures in one’s life that can lead to Depression. Additionally covering how one can help relieve their anxiety, especially their fear if it will ever return.
https://www.bcna.org.au/health-wellbeing/emotional-wellbeing/depression-anxiety-stress/

Kvillemo P, Bränström R. Coping with breast cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014 Nov 25;9(11):e112733. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112733. PMID: 25423095; PMCID: PMC4244095.

This research paper examines the different coping types that affect a patient going through breast cancer. The paper looks at the psychological well-being and physical health of those patients. At the same time, they are coping with how both the coping factors, psychological well-being, and physical health are all linked.

Managing stress 
To cope with your stress and control how you respond to stress, use coping skills such as physical/ behavioural, thinking/mental, and personal/social skills. 
https://www.heartandstroke.ca/healthy-living/reduce-stress/manage-your-stress

Hope and Cope 
Hope and Cope is a non-profit, professionally managed, volunteer-based organization that provides psychosocial support and practical resources free of charge to cancer patients, their caregivers and their families. They have a cancer survivorship program of the Jewish General Hospital’s Segal Cancer Centre, with a strong presence in its outpatient cancer clinics and inpatient units. They offer a wide variety of wellness programs at the Hope and Cope Cancer Wellness Centre, links to resources and specialized programs.
https://www.jgh.ca/care-services/segal-cancer-centre/oncology-interdisciplinary-teams/hope-cope/

LIFE MANAGEMENT

American Cancer Society – Managing cancer as a Chronic Illness
This website examines how cancer and cancer treatment can be a chronic illness. It explores the cycle of recurrence and remission. Moreover, it examines how to manage ongoing treatment while living everyday life with cancer. This includes learning to live with themes such as uncertainty and grief, and loss. 
https://www.cancer.org/treatment/survivorship-during-and-after-treatment/long-term-health-concerns/cancer-as-a-chronic-illness.html

Managing life with breast cancer  
Breast cancer. (2021, January 27). Cancer Care Ontario.
This page offers tools and resources for patients, families and caregivers, anyone interested in breast cancer, healthcare providers. Carefully laying out prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and after treatment for breast cancer. The after-treatment tab has a simple layout on essential items patients with breast cancer must consider, such as follow-up care, managing ongoing symptoms, and end-of-life care. 
https://www.cancercareontario.ca/en/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer

Managing life with cancer  
This page presents information on being active, reimagining life, brain strength and sleep, eating well. 
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/about/events/managing-life-with-cancer-(interactive-education-sessions)

Ristevska-Dimitrovska G, Filov I, Rajchanovska D, Stefanovski P, Dejanova B. Resilience and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2015 Dec 15;3(4):727-31. DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2015.128. Epub 2015 Dec 8. PMID: 27275317; PMCID: PMC4877917.

This study discusses the relationship between quality and the patient’s resilience to breast cancer. The patient is outside life, body, and relationships directly relate to how well they are resilient to their breast cancer diagnosis. As a result, the patient’s quality of life (emotional, cognitive, social functioning, and physical) positively correlates with resilience. Thus, breast cancer patients that are more resilient usually have a better outcome.

Financial support and funding for cancer care 

Canadian Cancer Society – Financial Help 
There are different financial programs available that can help people with cancer and cancer survivors and their families and caregivers. The Canadian Cancer Society has compiled an extensive list of programs that you might access for financial help while you are being treated for cancer and during your recovery. Some programs are Employment insurance, sickness benefits, caregiving benefits, tax deductions, CPP and provincial programs. 
https://cancer.ca/en/living-with-cancer/how-we-can-help/financial-help

Canadian Breast Cancer Network – Facing Financial Issues
Cancer can be expensive, and the healthcare system covers not all costs.  The financial burden can be heightened when a patient or a caregiver cannot work.  This website by the Canadian Cancer Network outlines sources of financial support for individuals going through cancer treatment. 
https://www.cbcn.ca/en/Facing_Financial_Issues

Canadian Breast Cancer Network – Financial Navigator Tool 
This navigation tool can help you find sources of financial aid to offset the financial liability of a cancer diagnosis. You will find programs at the national and provincial levels that either provide income support or in-kind services to help ease the impact this disease can have on your everyday life. Financial Support Resources discusses planning tips, end-of-life care planning, Health Insurance and Medicare coverage, travel, taxes and the impact a diagnosis can have on your work or school. The Financial Navigator also offers information on how to plan and prepare for the impacts of a cancer diagnosis.
https://www.cbcn.ca/en/financialnavigator

BC Cancer – Financial Assistance
This site by BC cancer provides an extensive list of supports and programs that provide financial assistance. The resources are divided into medical and non-medical costs. They include everything from Health Insurance Coverage, PharmaCare, Employer Benefits, etc., supplements such as breast prostheses, financial help, wig/head covering costs, Worksafe BC, etc., and handouts.
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/coping-with-cancer/practical-support/financial-assistance#Medical–costs

Return to work for breast cancer
groupsps://www.cbcn.ca. (n.d.). Returning to work. Canadian Breast Cancer Network.
As returning to work for most patients with breast cancer, they often feel a substantial amount of stress in return. The Canadian Breast Cancer Network lays out the necessary steps to return to work without further obstacles. Such as occupational rehabilitation, talking to their doctor, and ensuring their employer obeys the employment equity act, providing suitable accommodations during the return.
https://www.cbcn.ca/en/returning_to_work

Return to work seminar 
For those returning to their former workplace after cancer treatment. The two-part seminar will discuss ways to get ready for return to work, insurance issues, improving workplace well-being, employment rights, and negotiating a return to work and registering for the seminar. 
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/about/events/return-to-work-seminar

SELF-MANAGEMENT

This website discusses the chronic care model elements to support clients with chronic health conditions with information on five As, motivational interviewing, empowerment, stages of change, health coaching, and action planning for self-management and support resources. 
https://www.selfmanagementbc.ca/HealthProfessionals

Self-management in cancer care 
This website provides digital cancer education with learning goals, self-management, cancer care and support programs for patients and valuable resources.
https://www.uhnmodules.ca/modules/pmcp/pmh/CancerSelfManagement/story_html5.html

Cancer education 
Cancer Care Ontario provides patient education, guidelines and advice on self-management in the cancer toolkit, articles, programs and courses, and measurement tools, modality of care, and patient education through online modules for patients and caregivers. 
https://www.cancercareontario.ca/en/guidelines-advice/modality/patient-education/self-management-cancer-toolkit

Lifestyle management for breast cancer
Hamer, J., and Warner, E. (2017). Lifestyle modifications for patients with breast cancer to improve prognosis and optimize overall health. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 189(7), E268-E274. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.160464.

This article provides lifestyle changes for patients currently or previously diagnosed with breast cancer. This article offers evidence published within the last ten years using meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Various topics are covered, such as the role of lifestyle factors, particularly weight management, exercise, diet, smoking, alcohol intake and vitamin supplementation.

Reimagining life beyond cancer
Day, J. A. (2018, April 2). Reducing the risk of breast cancer recurrence: Johns Hopkins breast center. Johns Hopkins Medicine, based in Baltimore, Maryland. 
This website provides multiple videos centred around the new normal for breast cancer patients. The subjects they covered are as follows; Lifestyle Changes After Breast Cancer, Being a Survivor and Moving Beyond the Fear of Recurrence. The page talks about coping with the side effects of breast cancer treatment and reducing chances of recurrence with healthy tips.
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/cancers_we_treat/breast_cancer_program/treatment_and_services/survivorship/reducing_recurrence.html

Exercise support in breast cancer
This page shows benefits, recommendations, questions and resources. 
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/coping-with-cancer/exercise-support

Exercise support. (n.d.). BC Cancer. 
The website provides relevant information regarding exercise support before and during cancer treatments. It carefully layouts out in a simple and accessible format to read, covering topics such as how much exercise is recommended and giving possible workouts that are obtainable while discussing the improvements it can provide. Such as decreased depression and improved sleep. It lays out the key benefits of maintaining an exercise routine and, at the same time, explains the best process to get started.
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/coping-with-cancer/exercise-support#:~:text=Exercise%20has%20been%20shown%20to%20be%20safe%20for%20people%20with,is%20not%20recommended%20for%20you.

Pelvic floor instructions for breast cancer
Pelvic health after breast cancer. (n.d.). Women’s College Hospital.
Women’s college hospital provides an easy-to-access website that provides a step-by-step process on strengthening one’s pelvic floor. Additionally, it provides links to other cancer websites to relieve much of the stress of finding other information from multiple sites.
https://www.womenscollegehospital.ca/care-programs/peter-gilgan-centre/pelvic-health-after-breast-cancer

Cancer and physical activity in breast cancer 
Search results provide informative links to the health benefits of physical activity. 
https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/physical-activity/cancer

Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP)
Canadian24-hour movement guidelines, scientific statements, and movement counselling tools are shared here, focusing on physical activity, sedentary behaviours, and sleep for all ages. 

Exercise is medicine, American College of Sports Medicine 
This webpage provides information on exercising with cancer, getting started, aerobic exercise programs, resistance exercise and other types of exercise.

Eating well: Nutrition and its impact on breast cancer 
Lee, S. (n.d.). Eating well after breast cancer. Canadian Cancer Society.
This website carefully goes through the relationship between diet and breast cancer recurrence. For example, it describes the importance of eating plenty of fruit and vegetables while limiting the intake of meats and fatty foods to increase the risk of breast cancer. It also details the importance of maintaining a healthy weight as a heavyweight is closely tied to a less favourable prognosis.  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/supportive-care/eating-well-after-breast-cancer

Nutrition-related resources for breast cancer
Dietitian Services at HealthLink BC
Nourish advice from registered dieticians and recipes from our wellness chef are included on this website. This website provides knowledge about cancer and nutrition, recipes, links, health care professionals order form etc. Some information is about fibres, boosting immunity, choosing foods, fatigue, side effects, smoothies, tips for healthy eating etc.

Canadian Cancer Society 
This page shows resources on the latest recipe for different food choices, calories, and needs. Eat well when you have cancer to get the nutrients you need while on cancer treatment. 
https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/resources/recipes

CANCER NAVIGATION

Cancer navigation 
Cancer patient navigation. (n.d.). Cancer Care – Provincial Cancer Care Program, Eastern Health.
Cancer patient navigators support you and your family during a cancer diagnosis. On this site, they describe their role as a cancer navigator. As well, as providing a brochure and poster with crucial information that everyone has access to.
https://cancercare.easternhealth.ca/patients-and-family/patient-navigation/

Patient navigator program. (2020, August 27). Alberta Cancer Foundation.
This patient navigator program covers the western part of Canada, specifically Alberta. This link coordinates care between the local centres with bigger cities for families and cancer patients to transition smoothly. They also answer and support questions or concerns and help find a navigator across the regional and community centres.
https://www.albertacancer.ca/investments/patient-navigator-program/

Island Health – Breast Health Patient Navigator
The Victoria Breast Health Centre is staffed by Breast Health Patient Navigators (BHPN), Registered Nurses with expertise in breast health and breast cancer. They assist patients and their families in the early stages of the breast cancer journey. Through telephone consultation, they provide information, education and support from initial diagnosis, pre and post-surgery and in preparation for a referral. 
https://www.islandhealth.ca/learn-about-health/breast-cancer-breast-health/breast-health-patient-navigator

Indigenous Patient Navigator 
Interior Health Aboriginal Patient Navigator
The Aboriginal Patient Navigators (APN) can be contacted for individuals who identify as indigenous. The APN assists Indigenous patients with access to community services that enhance continuity of care and efficient use of resources. The APN workers support Interior Health Indigenous patients, caregivers, and their families while in the healthcare system. The APN will collaborate with and assist healthcare providers in the early identification and assessment of patient needs. For both the Aboriginal patient and healthcare provider, the APN will be a resource to provide culturally sensitive health care. Spoken Language Interpreters are available through Interior Health to help communicate between staff and patients who have limited English. In most cases, the interpreter services are provided by phone, thus making this process as private as possible.
https://www.interiorhealth.ca/YourStay/AmenitiesAndServices/Pages/AboriginalPatientNavigator.aspx

Patient Navigator Network 
HealthLink BC  – Navigation Services
HealthLink BC’s health service navigators can provide you with health information, help you navigate the health care system and find health services across the province, or connect you with a registered nurse, registered dietitian, qualified exercise professional, or pharmacist. The Navigation Services team is a dynamic group of health service navigators, shift leaders, operations leads, managers and support staff. 
https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/navigation-services

Canadian Breast Cancer Network 
Breast cancer patient navigation is a service that helps guide cancer patients and their families through the cancer journey. The navigator works closely with you, your family doctor, the cancer team and other caregivers to help you get the best care possible. This PDF outlines navigator services for each province in Canada. 
https://www.cbcn.ca/web/default/files/public/Patient%20Navigation.pdf

As breast cancer progresses 
Susan G Komen  – Treatments for Metastatic Breast Cancer
This website explains what metastatic breast cancer is and when it can occur. The website then explains the risks of metastatic breast cancer. Although metastatic breast cancer cannot be cured, it can be treated. The website explores some treatment plans and the factors that will influence treatment, monitoring of metastatic breast cancer, hormone therapy, and drugs combined with hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

BreastCancer.Org – Metastatic Breast Cancer
This website explains what metastatic breast cancer is and delves into the many emotions and sensations that can be experienced with a diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer. The website explores some symptoms of metastatic breast cancer based on more common diagnoses such as bone, lung, brain, and liver metastasis. Metastatic breast cancer treatment and planning are then discussed regarding surgery, chemotherapy, clinical trials and more. The website provides information about ways to live with metastatic breast cancer, including working after your diagnosis, facing fears, getting emotional support, and more. 
https://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/types/recur_metast

BreastCancer.Org – Breast Cancer Stages
This website outlines how cancer is staged and explains the importance of staging. Local, regional, and distant cancer are defined, and the TNM staging system is described. Additionally, each stage and subcategory of breast cancer is explained in detail.
https://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/diagnosis/staging

COMFORT AND PALLIATIVE CARE

Palliative care in cancer. (n.d.). National Cancer Institute. 
Palliative care in breast cancer can be a scary thing to go through as a patient, especially as a loved one caring for newly palliative. As such, the family and the patient must understand all steps necessary to take along with the required information. With that being said, the National Cancer Institute provides a list format covering various critical topics one would want to know about Palliative Care in Cancer.
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/care-choices/palliative-care-fact-sheet

As cancer progresses 
A handout on cancer progress, advanced care planning and related resources. 
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/coping-with-cancer/managing-symptoms-side-effects/as-cancer-progresses

Breast Cancer – When Life is Nearing its End 
The website first explores the initial knowing or about your prognosis; it then explains how you can prepare for your end of life through naming a Substitute Decision Maker and Advance Care Planning. The website outlines what kind of care you will receive near the end of your life, what end of life may feel like, and lastly, what may occur after your death for your loved ones. The website provides specific information for loved ones such as general information, how to prepare, what to expect during end of life, and what happens after their loved one dies. 
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/coping-with-cancer/managing-symptoms-side-effects/when-life-is-nearing-its-end

National Cancer Institute – Last Days of Life 
This website outlines what can be expected in your last days of life. It explores the care that takes place in the final hours and the symptoms during the final journey of life. It explains some care decisions that should occur in the final months, weeks, days, and hours of life, such as decisions around chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hospice, and a place of death. The website then outlines suffering at the end of life and palliative sedation. Lastly, grief and loss are explained with links to more information. 
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/caregivers/planning/last-days-pdq#_418

American Cancer Society – Physical Changes as You Near the End of Life
This website is written specifically for a person with cancer. However, the information can be helpful for all loved ones as well. The website aims to assist in finding answers to your questions and concerns during this sensitive and challenging time. The website first explains that everyone will experience the end of life differently. It outlines some common physical changes that you will likely experience. First, the website explores fatigue and guides how fatigue can be managed. Next, pain is examined with guidance on information you should include when reporting pain so your health care team can best support you. The website then explores pain medicines and other ways to help with cancer pain. Signs that a person is in pain are provided so loved ones can identify this and help. Appetite changes are explored with information on what you can do about appetite changes. Lastly, the website explains the breathing problems that can arise near the end of life and things that can be done to ease breathing.  The website highlights that every person’s situation is different and that there are steps to help manage each change in your condition. They urge you to talk to your health care team and report what you feel so that they know how they can help.
https://www.cancer.org/treatment/end-of-life-care/nearing-the-end-of-life/physical-symptoms.html

When life is nearing its end 
A handout on preparing for the end of life and information for loved ones.
http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/health-info/coping-with-cancer/managing-symptoms-side-effects/when-life-is-nearing-its-end

End of life care services for breast cancer
https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/accessing-health-care/home-community-care/care-options-and-cost/end-of-life-care